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Structured medical data: definition, challenges and use cases in healthcare

Structured medical data is now central to the digital transformation of healthcare. We explain what it is, its benefits, use cases and the challenges of implementation.

Structured medical data: definition, challenges and use cases in healthcare

Introduction

Structured medical data now occupies a central place in the digital transformation of the healthcare sector. Patient records, test results, electronic prescriptions, data from connected devices: the volume of information is exploding. The ability to structure this data drives quality of care, organisational efficiency and the development of artificial intelligence in health.

In this article we explain what structured medical data is, how it differs from unstructured data, its benefits, main use cases and the challenges involved in implementing it.

What is structured medical data?

Structured medical data is clinical information organised in a predefined, standardised format that can be read automatically by IT systems.

It is typically stored in:

  • relational databases
  • electronic health records (EHR / EPR)
  • health data warehouses
  • hospital information systems (HIS)

Examples of structured medical data

  • pseudonymised patient identifiers
  • hospitalisation dates
  • vital signs (weight, blood pressure, BMI, heart rate)
  • diagnosis codes (ICD-10, SNOMED CT)
  • numeric lab results
  • coded procedures (CCAM, LOINC)
  • standardised dosages

By contrast, unstructured data includes free-text reports, medical images or handwritten notes.

Structured vs unstructured data: what’s the difference?

Criterion Structured data Unstructured data
Format Standardised Free-form
Machine-readable Yes Complex
AI exploitation Straightforward Requires NLP/annotation
Examples ICD-10 codes, lab results PDFs, free text, images
Analysis quality High Variable

Modern systems often aim for a hybrid approach: structuring a growing share of clinical data while leveraging unstructured data through NLP and semantic annotation.

Why structure medical data?

Structuring health data addresses several strategic issues.

1. Improving quality of care

It enables:

  • better care continuity
  • reduced medical errors
  • quick access to patient history
  • clinical decision support

2. Clinical and epidemiological research

Structured data facilitates:

  • cohort building
  • statistical analysis
  • observational studies
  • early signal detection

3. Developing AI in healthcare

Algorithms require:

  • clean datasets
  • standardised formats
  • controlled semantics

4. Optimising hospital processes

  • automated billing
  • activity management
  • regulatory reporting
  • procedure traceability

How to structure medical data?

Structuring medical data relies on interoperability standards and software solutions that can leverage existing data.

Using interoperability standards

To normalise and exchange medical data, the most widely used standards are:

  • HL7 / FHIR for system-to-system exchange
  • DICOM for medical imaging
  • LOINC for lab data
  • SNOMED CT for clinical semantics
  • ICD-10 for diagnoses
  • CCAM for procedures

These reference frameworks ensure automatic, secure reading of data and facilitate care continuity across different organisations.

MAGE-X: structuring existing data with AI

MAGE-X is a SaaS platform specialised in structuring medical data already present in clinical records. It enables physicians and healthcare organisations to turn their unstructured information into reliable, standardised, actionable clinical data without changing existing professional practices.

Using artificial intelligence, MAGE-X:

  • automates extraction and structuring of information from medical records,
  • standardises data for use in clinical analysis and research,
  • supports medical decision-making with relevant, real-time insights,
  • improves patient follow-up and leverages clinical experience at organisation level,
  • meets regulatory and data security requirements (GDPR, CNIL, HDS).

MAGE-X is therefore a lever to industrialise data structuring and build reliable foundations for AI, clinical research and improved hospital processes.

Use cases for structured medical data

Structured medical data is now used for:

  • electronic health records
  • telemedicine
  • population surveillance
  • personalised medicine
  • pharmacovigilance
  • patient pathway optimisation
  • hospital billing and pricing (DRG, etc.)
  • early disease detection with AI

Security and compliance of structured medical data

Health data is highly sensitive and regulated. Organisations must comply in particular with:

  • GDPR
  • pseudonymisation/anonymisation obligations
  • certified health data hosting (HDS)
  • access traceability
  • data sovereignty and governance

Structuring precisely facilitates access control, audits, data minimisation and cybersecurity oversight.

Limitations and challenges

Despite their benefits, structured medical data presents certain challenges:

  • system heterogeneity
  • transformation and coding costs
  • administrative burden on caregivers
  • risk of losing clinical context
  • data entry quality
  • adoption of international standards

The main challenge is to combine structuring with usability so as not to add to the burden on clinical practice.

Conclusion

Structured medical data is a key lever for modernising health systems. It improves quality of care, accelerates research and enables the large-scale use of medical artificial intelligence. Its deployment must however incorporate strong requirements in terms of ethics, privacy protection and interoperability.

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